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Chi'a --- Chi'isme --- Chia --- Chiisme --- Shi'ah --- Shi'ism --- Shiah --- Shiism --- Sji'a --- Sji'isme --- Sjia --- Sjiïsme --- Chiisme duodécimain --- Imamisme --- Sh-i'ah --- shî'isme --- Shåi°ah.

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This is a concise introduction to the history of the ancient Near East during the last millenium BC : Phoenicia, Palestine, the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires, the Persian Achaemenid empire, the empire of Alexander, and the vast Persian Seleucid empire founded by Seleucus around 300 BC and defeated by Pompey for Rome in 64 BC. The book focuses on political history, on the sources and shifts of power and the individuals who wielded it. It also introduces the reader to the principal aspects of the religious, social and economic history of the region.

922.2 --- geschiedenis --- Mesopotamië --- Tweestromenland --- Assyrië --- Babylonië --- Hittieten --- Sumerië --- Perzië --- Alexander de Grote --- geschiedenis - Sumerië, Babylonië, Assyrië --- Iraq --- History --- Civilization --- Ancient history --- Assyria, Babylonia, Mesopotamia --- To 634 --- oudheid

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Cultes --- Cults --- Rome --- Religion. --- Religion --- Cults - Rome.

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This evocation of how women lived in ancient Greece describes every aspect of their lives, from the most public to the most intimate. It outlines their religious, familial and domestic duties and their economic importance, and considers their social, moral, and legal status.

Women --- Social conditions. --- History. --- Greece --- History --- Civilization

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This is a vivid account of what their gods meant to the Romans from archaic times to late antiquity, and of the rites and rituals connected with them. After an introduction into the nature of classical religion, the book is divided into three parts: religions of the family and land; religions of the city; and religions of the empire. The book ends with a discussion of the rise and impact of Christianity.For the Romans, the author argues, religion was almost as much a form of insurance as it was a question of belief. The gods were valued according to the degree of protection they afforded against natural hazards and occult powers. They were a crucial source of tactical information in time of war and their approval was vital to the success of agriculture, marriage and childbirth. Appeasing the gods and enlisting their help involved ritual and sacrifice which required the arcane knowledge of the priesthood. Because there were so many gods, it might be hard to know which one to invoke and perilous to get it wrong. The Romans took their gods extremely seriously, there was nothing more complicated than a Roman sacrifice or more precise than the preparation of the meal offered to the god; the slightest infringement of the priestly recipe would spoil the feast and might jeopardise the affairs of Rome itself.Robert Turcan shows that Roman attitudes towards the gods continued to be pragmatic throughout the millennium covered by the book. Useful gods discovered among conquered peoples of the Empire were adopted without rejecting any from the old pantheon. Traditional worship remained strong long after the emperors converted to Christianity, and many of the early Roman Christians maintained a tactful respect for older deities.Up-to-date in its archaeological and epigraphic evidence, and drawing extensively on a wide range of relevant literary material this book is ideally suited for undergraduate courses in the history of Romand and its religions. Its urbane style and lightly worn scholarship will broaden its appeal to non-academic readers with a serious interest in the classical world.

Gods, Roman. --- Rome --- Religious life and customs.